Business finance and legal service coursework(writing a report ) Essay

Business finance and legal service coursework(writing a report ) - Essay Example One of the eminent brands of the company is IRN-BRU which the company wished to develop for more than 100 years. The other well known brands in soft drinks launched by the company include Red Kola, Tizer, Simply juice drinks, KA, DNB, Rubycon, Strathmore etc (A.G.Barr Plc, 2013, p.1). A G Barr is a franchisee partner of Schweppes International Ltd. where the company is involved in a partnership of production and sale of soft drinks. Rockstar Inc. of USA is another partner of A G Barr. The Rockstar drinks are sold in the UK market through distribution channels of A G Barr. The volume of sales of soft drinks as well as revenues from the sales of its brands has increased over the years. The company sells twelve cans of 330 ml capacity of IRN-BRU per second in the Scottish markets. For its operations, A G Barr has invested over ?50 million for the production and distribution of soft drinks in Cumbernauld. The company produced over 180 million litres of soft drinks in this site. This oper ation unit of A G Barr is able to manufacture 690 million cans per year. The Industry The company under consideration operates in the soft drinks market of UK. The soft drinks industry can be categorised into three segments. The three segments are take-home segments, the impulse segment and the premise segment. The take-home segment distributes soft drinks through the retail groceries, the impulse segment is the outlet shops in order to satisfy impulsive demands, the premise segment comprises the clubs, hotels, restaurants, etc. The soft drinks industry is governed by the British Soft Drinks Association which protects the interests of the soft drinks manufacturer and distributors by communicating with the government and the media and also promoting a competitive and sustainable environment for the soft drinks industry. The various categories of soft drinks are carbonated soft drinks, still and juice drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, water, etc. The competitors of A G Barr in the soft drinks industry include Pepsi Co. Inc, Coca Cola Company, etc. Strategy and Assessment The assessment and strategies of A G Barr is based upon the two forms of analysis, namely the SWOT Analysis and the Balance Score Card Analysis. The SWOT analysis highlights the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of A G Barr. The balanced scorecard analysis categorises the operational targets of the company from the perspective of financial growth, customer growth, quality of products and services and determine actual values to compare with the set targets. SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis for A G Barr has been given below in the form of a chart. Â   Internal External Positive Strength Opportunities 1. The IRN BRU brand of soft drinks has been voted as the best brand of A G Barr and also holds a Guinness record for the largest can of soft drinks. 1. The suppliers of A G Barr have lesser bargaining power due to the availability of substitute product for sugar and substitute for pac kaging. 2. The company has a large market share and the operations are diversified with the help of several brands in different markets. 2. A G Barr can leverage on its strong brand to expand its operations in the emerging markets of the world like Latin America, Asia, etc. Negative Weaknesses Threats 1. The buyers of the soft drinks of A G Barr have a higher bargaining power due to the availability of several brands of soft drinks in the market. 1. There exists a fierce

The Effective Leadership Of Adolf Hitler

The Effective Leadership Of Adolf Hitler From 1939 to 1945 the world was involved in a war that would change history. It is safe to say that World War Two was one of the most prominent wars throughout history. Many of the worlds powerful countries were involved. The Allies fought together to defeat an evil dictator. The Big Three included the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. Other countries were involved but these three countries were credited for liberating the Jews. Germany was not a powerful country when Hitler decided to take control. The Nazis claimed they rescued the country from becoming absolute chaos. The Allies, who included the Big Three, and Axis Powers, who were Germany, Italy, and Japan battled generally in Eastern Europe. What is impressive is that a miniscule country was able to annex many parts of Europe. After six treacherous years, Germany was finally defeated. During World War Two, Germany was under the control of Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889, in Austria and took over Germany in 1933. He dropped out of school to become an artist but soon figured out it wasnt a fit career, eventually leading him to rule Germany. He had a specific vision for the future of Germany and it did not include Jews. He believed the Aryans were the pure race and should not integrate with other races. Not only was he anti-Semitic, he detested homosexuals, blacks, handicapped, and gypsies. His vision was to destroy the parasites of Germany by vastly executing them. Hitler was great leader because he deceived world leaders, used Aryan youth to his advantage, and took absolute control of mass media. It is said that World War Two could have been completely avoided if the Allies did not appease Hitler. Neville Chamberlin, who was appointed Prime Minister of Britain, felt appeasement was an urgent necessity and he followed this policy with a single-minded determination lacking in any of his predecessors (Wistrich, 98). An agreement was signed in the early morning of 30 September under the terms of which the Germans were to occupy the Sudetenland between 1 and 10 October. Britain believed that money should not be spent on war, but on social welfare programs benefiting the country. Since the Prime Minister of Britain felt it was necessary to appease and avoid any confrontation, other countries followed his lead. Although Chamberlain believed that the United States were isolationists, and did not like the Soviet Union, he felt they would support him with the decisions he made with Germany and Italy (Buchanan, 65). Hitler would not have gained the power that he did if the countries con fronted him when they had the opportunity. Chamberlain felt that Hitler and Mussolini were at heart equally practical men with whom it was possible to negotiate in good faith (Granatstein, 234). Hitler took advantage of the Prime Ministers ignorance. Chamberlain and the rest of the world would soon discover the degree of immorality Mussolini and Hitler had possessed. The world was blindsided with the discovery that Hitler was persecuting Jews in Germany. It is obvious that leaders around the world knew about the suffering in Germany, but not to the certain extent that they later discovered. Photographs of mass graves and mass murder, smuggled out under the most dangerous of circumstances, were also classified as secret. (Darity) Is it possible that the Allies were unaware? Â  Ignorance is the excuse they will use forever. The fact that Hitler kept the suffering of his country a secret was part of his master plan. Even Benito Mussolini who was the leader of Italy, and working very closely with Germany did not understand the extent Hitler took the Holocaust. The Allies were too busy fighting the war to remember that minorities in Germany were suffering the consequence of being different. The mass murders of approximately six million Jews were overlooked for six years. The United States were so unaware about the situation in Germany that even American corporations were working with the Axis Powers. An American company named International Business Machines or IBM was founded in 1911. When Hitler decided to start persecuting Jews, he needed an immediate way to organize them. A massive and complex task that Hitler wanted done could they be targeted for efficient asset confiscation, ghettoization, deportation, enslaved labor, and, ultimately, annihilation (Black, 117). Since computers did not exist at the time, Hitler used IBMs Hollerith punch card technology. There is no way to be certain that if corporations were fully aware of the situation in Germany, that they would still provide their services to the Axis Powers. However, if corporations knew that the mass murders of millions of people depended on their punch cards, it would have been less likely for them to do business with Germany. Nevertheless, it is true that if IBM did not supply the Nazis with their Hollerith punch card technology, they would have potentially saved hundreds of thousands of lives. The technology basically made it faster to record and organized Jews. If the Nazis were to record and organize Jews manually, the process of exterminating the Jews would have taken longer, implicating more lives would have been saved. Hitler discovered it was becoming very simple to manipulate the world as well as his own country. Easily influenced children were something Hitler was determined to take advantage of. The idea of using children in politics was an intelligent scheme. His motive behind using children was both for cultural and political reasons. Culturally, using children was more effective because they would already have racism instilled into their brains and they would have the ability to teach their own children for generations to come. Children are far more likely to follow directions and are effortlessly brainwashed. Hitler had been quoted saying, Youre child belongs to us already, in a short time they will know nothing else but this short community (Duke). By choosing children of a very young age, one could see the easy manipulation tactics the Nazis had used. Children are influenced easily and will do what theyre told. Hitler always emphasized the child belonged to the country and no longer belonged to the parent. He wanted the new generation to follow his ideals of the perfect world. The most useful strategy Hitler used was the Adolf Hitler schools. The schools provided Aryan children to learn without any outside distractions. After Aryan high school children graduated, they would go to a college called Ordensburgen. The main objectives of these colleges were to focus on physical education as well as political education (Mazower, 113). The physical education was significant because they would soon join the army. The political education was in order for the children to learn about their enemies. Gaining knowledge on their enemies allowed for Aryans to gradually despise Allies and Jews. Not only did Hitler separate Aryans into different schools, the curriculum also changed. Schools were teaching subjects like German history but spent more time embedding ideas of nationalism and militarism (Vincent, 345). Schools also put more emphasis on gender roles and race science. The reason for this was to implant racist ideas into a childs head, forcing them to have hatred to wards other races. The Aryan race became the elite and was required to destroy any other race. Hitler informed Aryans that they were the privileged race, allowing them to depend on him in their time of need. The only way Hitler could posses control was if he gained trust from the Germans. Germany was in the middle of a depression. That was the perfect opportunity for Hitler to take advantage of the nation. Nazis claimed they saved Germany from the depression, especially reducing unemployment rates (Wright). When Nazis told the nation that they liberated the country from experiencing more pain from the depression and embarrassment, Germany was easier to manipulate. Since Germany lost World War One, they were forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles and pay ridiculous amounts of money for damages. The country was very deprived because of debts and also a world depression. He used the depression and suffering of the Germans as a way for them to have confidence in his racist ideas. Once they had faith that Hitler was able to have the country obey him without question. He needed an outlet to express his xenophobic views. The most effective way to control your nation is controlling mass media. The two most important forms of propaganda were the radio and the press. Both were successfully controlled by the Nazis. When the Nazis first came into power, one of their first duties was to replace all radio and press employees with ones that believed in Nazi ideology (Duke). The important decision was made in order for Germany to understand the message. Hitlers obvious message was conformity. He believed that the Aryans were the pure race, and they should think very similarly. The problems with conformity were the Jews. Since Hitler detested them, he needed an immediate way to exterminate them. Hitler used many strategies to hold them responsible for Germanys financial situation. With replacing many of the media staff workers Hitler showed the significance of the Nazi ideology and consequence of not following it. One of the strongest points of the Nazi ideology was that they were utterly opposed to social and economic equality towards women. (Darity) Media workers and feminists who had different opinions on how the country should be run did not have a voice anymore. With the media now being very one-sided it created turmoil between Jews and Aryans. The success of the Nazis controlling media was a significant component to the suffering the Jews encountered during the Holocaust. Increasing propaganda posters and radio advertisements changed German perspective on Jews. Once seen as contributing members of society, turned into enemies of Germany. Hitler forced Germans to view his anti-Semitic philosophy. He used Jews as a scapegoat as the reason to why Germany was in distress. By using propaganda he vilified Jews and made Germany believe Jews were to blame for all the stressful issues they was faced with. Although anti-Semitic views existed in the past, Hitler used nationalism as inspiration to betray Jews (Cook). Not only did the Nazis use propaganda, they used pieces of art, literature, music, and cinema. When dictating which art pieces could be displayed to the public, he understood that the citizens paid attention to any form of media and would be influenced by discriminatory art. Besides controlling media, the Nazis were controlling culture as well. They banned over 20,000 books during the burning of the books to promote German values. All degenerate art was destroyed. Books that were destroyed included liberal, left-wing, pacifist or Jewish elements (Todd, 210). Aryans were becoming very accustomed to being the privileged few. Hitlers reign proved to be very successful while he was in power because his many accomplishments. The techniques Hitler used which included manipulation of world leaders and controlling youth and media were evidence that he was a substantial leader. By looking at how he gained power and maintained it for many years, one would see he clearly instilled fear in his country. Although his scheme may have been unethical, Hitler changed the perspective on a whole race. He gained the trust of the whole nation and they were willing to sacrifice their innocent children and betray neighbours. He skillfully persuaded his country to follow him blindly into war. Although Germany lost World War Two, and millions of deaths were documented from all of the countries involved in the war, Hitler will be recorded in history not only for his immoral actions but also for his ability to gain and maintain power while his people followed adoringly.

Free Essay on Eating Disorder - Eating Disorders :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Eating Disorders It seems like every little girl dreams of becoming a model. They want to be thin and pretty like the models they see on television and in magazines. Often the desire becomes an obsession and young girls see "thinness" as being a needed characteristic. For many girls, the teenage years are spent trying to acquire this look. Females are trying diets and are exercising like it is a competition to see who can lose the most weight the quickest. The obsession of many young girls over their appearance or weight has led to a growing number of people who have developed an eating disorder to try to deal with their lack of self-esteem or other related problems. Eating disorders are a serious health problem. Personal Counseling & Resources says that eating disorders "are characterized by a focus on body shape, weight, fat, food, and perfectionism and by feelings of powerlessness and low self-esteem." Three of the most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating or compulsive eating disorder. According to Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, a person with anorexia "refuses to maintain normal body weight for age and height" and "weighs 85 percent or less than what is what is expected for age and height." A person diagnosed with bulimia has several ways of getting rid of the calories such as binge eating, vomiting, laxative misuse, exercising, or fasting. The person might have a normal weight for their age and height unless anorexia is present. The signs of a compulsive eater include eating meals frequently, rapidly, and secretly. This person might also snack and nibble all day long . The compulsive eater tends to have a history of diet failures and may be depressed or obese (Anred.com). There are many reasons that can contribute to the cause of eating disorders. One of the main reasons seems to be the obsession over every little pound a person is wearing. Sometimes low self-esteem or depression from any number of causes can usher in the eating disorder. Other times compulsive exercising can help shed the pounds but leave the enthused unhealthy looking. There are other possible causes to this widely known health problem.

Malden Mills

The case of the Malden Mills fire poses many important questions related to ethics. At first look, a CEO paying his employees continually after his mill burned down seems to be the model for ethical behavior. However, when one looks deeper into the case and asks questions it is not so obvious. The first question that needs to be answered is what the factual circumstances of the case are. Malden Mills was a factory located in Lawrence, Massachusetts that specialized in making a high tech fleece called Polartec.The company was relatively successful in its industry until the factory was destroyed by a fire in 1995. After the fire, the company’s CEO Aaron Feuerstein declared that he would continue to pay his employees their normal wages for at least one month.In the end he paid the employees for longer than that and spent around 15 million dollars paying the employees while the new mill was being built. Feuerstein built the new mill for a cost of 400 million. He gambled that the m oney from the insurance company and expanded Polartec business would cover this cost.However, Malden Mills only received 300 million from the insurance company and the Polartec sales did not rise as Feuerstein had projected. The company was forced to claim bankruptcy in 2001 and Feuerstein lost control of the company to GE Capital in 2003. A second important issue related to this case is what the ethical issues are. In the case of Malden Mills, the main ethical dilemma was whether to keep paying the company’s employees or have a massive layoff. This dilemma was a mix of personal and business problems.Part of the problem was personal because the company was located in a small town where a majority of the residents worked at the mill. Because most of the people in the town worked there, the company had the feeling of a family business and the workers truly felt like family to Feuerstein.The family atmosphere made it a tough decision for Feuerstein when it came to making a decis ion after the fire. He knew that keeping his employees on the payroll could lead to a bad outcome for the business, but he felt like he owed it to his workers to keep them employed. The other part of the problem for Feuerstein was business related.Rebuilding the company after the fire was going to be a difficult proposition and that would only be made more difficult if Malden Mills had to keep paying its workers. In the end, Feuerstein had to decide if it was worth risking the future of his company to make sure that the workers he saw as family were paid as he tried to rebuild Malden Mills.In order to see why the case developed as it is, it is important to take a look at who the primary stakeholders and decisions makers were in the case. Once these people have been identified, one must look at their ethical perspective and see why they would make the decision that they did.In this case, there are three main stakeholders. They are Feuerstein, The Board of Directors and the Employees. Of these stakeholders, Feuerstein is the only one who is faced with an ethical dilemma in the case that affects the other stakeholders.Feuerstein was a devout Orthodox jew, and this helped form his ethical perspective. He believed that people would be judged on more than just how successful they were. He believed that people would be judged on how well they treated others and that he personally would be judged on the good that he brought to the world and not the money that his company made.One can see how his beliefs could lead him to make a decision that would be best for the good of his employees and not necessarily as good for the other stakeholders. Throughout the case, there are a couple of ethical standards being applied.The two standards are virtue ethics and Utilitarianism. Feuerstein applies virtue ethics when he decides that he wants to do what is good and right for his employees. This fits in with the virtuous idea of character traits that represent a good and meaningful life, which is what Feuerstein is trying to accomplish.Feuerstein is not only trying to be good to his employees, he is trying to do what could end up being best for all of the stakeholders. Feuerstein was applying the idea of Utilitarianism by trying to accomplish the best outcome for all parties when he gambled that a larger plant would be good for the company.Of these two ethical standards, Feuerstein’s first priority was virtue ethics and second priority was Utilitarianism. The final ethical choice that was decided on by Feuerstein was to keep paying his workers while the mill was closed and to try and build a bigger factory so his workers might have a better future.Feuerstein made this decision because he truly believed that his first responsibility as CEO was to go good by his workers even if that meant a possibility of failure. This approach was very popular with the workers and in the community, which relied on money from the mill to thrive.The author of this case ha s a couple questions of her own. One of the questions was whether or not is was bad luck that the Polartec business went downhill because of a warm winter or if it was a mistake to build such a larger plant in the first place. The answer to this question is both.In retrospect it was a mistake to build a large factory that could not survive a drop and business, but without that warm winter it is possible that the Polartec business could continue to grow and that the larger factory would have been a good idea.Another question that the author poses is whether or not Feuerstein’s generosity to his employees after the fire ultimately led to the bankruptcy of the company. In this case, the answer seems to be no. The 15 million dollars that was paid to the employees is small compared to the 100 million dollar gap between the cost of the new factory and the insurance payment received.The gamble to build a larger factory is what really caused problems for the company because it was ne ver able to cover the cost of the plant when the Polartec business went downhill. In the end, Feuerstein will be remembered by most people as a virtuous man who put his employees before making a profit.The question still remains if he really made the best choices for his employees. Other choices may have kept the plant from bankruptcy and given the employees more secure future. Feuerstein did what he believed was right and ultimately it did not work out for Malden Mills.

John Locke and Land Ownership Essay

John Locke in The Second Treatise of Civil Government makes several key arguments about what makes land ownable, these ideologies differ from how land ownership works in America but it is easy to see how America’s early days could have aligned with this ideology. In this paper I will focus on two key principles that Locke believed in that are basic requirements for land ownership. The first of these is that land ownership is obtained through labor and that items on the land have no value until labor is applied and the second describes government’s role in land ownership as simply being that the labor applied to land precedes government and government cannot dispose of the estates of the subjects arbitrarily and instead should be limited to securing the life and property of its citizens, and is only necessary because in an ideal, anarchic state of nature, various problems arise that would make life more insecure than under the protection of a minimal state. These two principles allow for the easy identification of claimed lands. While at the same time provide the motivation and encouragement to individuals so that they will want to find land that they can then harness through labor and thus make their own land. It is because of these reasons and more that land ownership through labor is a must for a successful society and a functioning government. In order to ensure that these principles are being viewed and judge from the same sense of meaning a few key words need to be defined as used in this paper. The term land ownership is vital to this paper and its meaning will be defined as, â€Å"the owner of contiguous property that has been improved upon from nature to provide for one’s living†. The term labor will only be used in reference to labor upon an individual’s land and will reference, â€Å"human time and effort put in to a particular task†. The term government will reference only the actual ruling body that â€Å"influences daily life based on policies and procedures they enact†. At the last term reward will refer to, â€Å"an item or exchange of labor promised or normally expected given in exchange for labor or with no expectation of any kind of return. The principle that labor is a prerequisite to land ownership fits in perfectly with the needs and situation of the early American nation. Outside of key city areas a majority of this nation’s land was unclaimed and unused bearing none of the fruits of labor and essentially leaving all of its value unclaimed and untouched. With a bounty of land larger than anyone person could actually work and apply labor to, it made sense to encourage land expansion. With land expansion individuals could claim land through labor and the value and goods on that land would no longer go to waste as unused items that could have benefitted society as a whole. The second principle helps to place limits on what the government can do once a parcel of land is owned by an individual. It is safe to say that any reasonable person would not like to see their possessions and livelihood wiped away with one fell swoop, but if governments have no restrictions in the use of their power it would be all too easy to force someone from their land, effectively robbing them of all their possessions and the livelihood that past labor has brought them. This is why Locke insisted that the government role in land owner ship remain limited in scope only to the extent that is needed to ensure this doesn’t happen. Without this assurance from governmental takeover acts similar to his could become standard practice. An unjust government might routinely perform these actions, unjustly claiming the land. This would result in a diminishment of the value of labor and would remove the incentives to work land and would result in a decrease in goods. Because of this looming threat it is clear that government must have some restrictions on acquiring land to avoid unjust actions and encourage a general sense of trust and security in the government. A government that is without citizens that have some sort of trust and security provided by having a reliable, continual and trustworthy shelter is bound to fail since this is a basic need of humans in general. Modern science can help prove the stress and additional energy expenditure humans endure if they can’t find a sense of comfort, safety and belonging a study performed by Dr. Gilman while at Princeton University showed, â€Å"humans that are in constant fear of loss of shelter expend an average of 2900 calories daily† (Gilman 03/01/2012), along with this extra energy expenditure a lack of shelter creates stress that in turn creates a reduction in productivity. This stress can actually change the human brain reaction method resulting in it , â€Å"going from more sophisticated but slower modes to the faster behaviors of the older brains when we are under stress† (Gilman 03/01/2012). This change in brain behavior limits creative thinking and essentially devolves human thought to a lower state this combined with the increased calories expenditure creates a vast pool of diminished talent that when viewed in a large scale population level, results in a huge waste of resources that could be easily reduced by the assurance of land ownership and security. The easiest way for a government to meet this need is to let individuals provide additional goods to society by applying labor to their land thereby reducing their energy requirements and providing goods for the benefit of all. With all the complications that are possible when it comes to providing for the needs of the many, it only makes to allow individuals the freedom of land ownership that will help reduce their needs while simultaneously benefitting others. This notion of having some sort of fruit from your labor is fundamental to increasing one’s value and having a desire to perform work that can be beneficial to all. A study from Yale University performed by Dr. Greene helps to illustrate just how deeply rooted this concept is into human psychology, an individual will work perform work equivalent to their valuation of a reward. The study was meant to determine the amount of work an individual would perform without a reward versus the amount of work performed for a reward. The study concluded that, â€Å"any individual who was assigned a tasked performed that task to completion with more detail and more efficiently when rewarded as compared to no reward† (Mark et al. 1978). This study helps to demonstrate that human psychology insists that any individual will perform more work and therefore be a more productive member of society if only that individual receives something for the labor they put in. As mentioned earlier if an individual lives under constant threat of having everything taken from them it is essentially making them perform labor on their land without a reward resulting in less work being performed and less goods for all of mankind, the only solution that removes this fear is placing limits on when and if a government can take someone’s land from them. With removal of this fear an individual can and likely will utilize labor to its fullest extend thereby adding value to the land. It is clear that the benefits of land ownership as defined through the use of labor allows for the creation of the best society possible, one that can help to provide for mankind as a whole, increase the value and abilities of its citizens that actively partake and utilizes the resources at hand to the best of its abilities without waste and undue stress. A society that is free of these constraints and provided with the best possible reward for work and sense of security can only flourish and enjoy the fruits of their labor helping to create the best future possible. Works Cited: Gilman, Robert. Context Institute, â€Å"The Inside Story Understanding the structure of the brain. † Last modified 03/01/2012. Accessed September 22, 2012. Mark, Lepper, and Greene David. Lawrence Erlbaum, â€Å"The Hidden costs of reward : new perspectives of the psychology of human motivation. † Last modified 1978. Accessed September 22, 2012.

Free Essays on Hate Crime Policy

Hate Crime Policy In the society that we, not only as human beings but also Americans, live in today have that fear of being attacked or acted against for no apparent reason. On any given day, any given person can suffer from one of these acts of violence what is considered a hate crime. However, in what I am going to discuss today is about how women suffer from this policy, in particular, as victims of these acts. First, a hate crime law seeks to treat a crime, if it can be demonstrated that the offense was a ‘hate crime’, then it would be treated differently then under ordinary criminal law. Attempts have been made to reach a definition of a hate crime, including that it is a crime, most commonly violence, motivated by prejudice, bias or hatred towards a particular group of which the victim is presumed to be a member. As such, hate crime is generally directed towards a class of people; the individual victim is rarely significant to the offender and is most commonly a stranger to him or her. Hate crimes are said that they occur against a particular group, so in this case women could be targeted because of jealously, anger, and simply their vulnerability. With this, comes out cries from the media and the public about new legislation for hate crime policy. Moreover, hate crimes against women occur not only in America but all over the world. Examples of hate crimes against women, in other parts of the world are as follows. In rural villages in Pakistan women are routinely murdered for such ‘crimes’ as walking outside the house, communicating with a man to whom they do not ‘belong’, wanting to leave the house to visit their mothers or marrying a man not chosen by their father. Considering these acts above, we must incorporate that gender was a valid reason why this crime was committed. Theoretical analysis has been done to figure out if these crimes against women are random or planned encounters, which in tu... Free Essays on Hate Crime Policy Free Essays on Hate Crime Policy Hate Crime Policy In the society that we, not only as human beings but also Americans, live in today have that fear of being attacked or acted against for no apparent reason. On any given day, any given person can suffer from one of these acts of violence what is considered a hate crime. However, in what I am going to discuss today is about how women suffer from this policy, in particular, as victims of these acts. First, a hate crime law seeks to treat a crime, if it can be demonstrated that the offense was a ‘hate crime’, then it would be treated differently then under ordinary criminal law. Attempts have been made to reach a definition of a hate crime, including that it is a crime, most commonly violence, motivated by prejudice, bias or hatred towards a particular group of which the victim is presumed to be a member. As such, hate crime is generally directed towards a class of people; the individual victim is rarely significant to the offender and is most commonly a stranger to him or her. Hate crimes are said that they occur against a particular group, so in this case women could be targeted because of jealously, anger, and simply their vulnerability. With this, comes out cries from the media and the public about new legislation for hate crime policy. Moreover, hate crimes against women occur not only in America but all over the world. Examples of hate crimes against women, in other parts of the world are as follows. In rural villages in Pakistan women are routinely murdered for such ‘crimes’ as walking outside the house, communicating with a man to whom they do not ‘belong’, wanting to leave the house to visit their mothers or marrying a man not chosen by their father. Considering these acts above, we must incorporate that gender was a valid reason why this crime was committed. Theoretical analysis has been done to figure out if these crimes against women are random or planned encounters, which in tu...

8 consejos para elegir buen abogado de migración en USA

8 consejos para elegir buen abogado de migracià ³n en USA En muchas ocasiones, usted podr llenar directamente la planilla de inmigracià ³n que precise. Depender de su nivel de inglà ©s, de su comprensià ³n de tà ©rminos legales y de la sencillez o complejidad de su caso. La ley incluso permite a los migrantes representarse a sà ­ mismo en corte migratoria. Sin embargo esta opcià ³n no siempre es recomendable. Lo cierto es que contratar a un buen abogado migratorio es clave en muchos casos para evitar problemas y demoras innecesarios, siendo su intervencià ³n especialmente de importancia en los casos que se resuelven en corte migratoria. Las estadà ­sticas demuestran que hay una gran divergencia entre casos ganados con abogados y los pocos ganados sin el asesoramiento de un abogado. Hay que tener presente que en los asuntos de inmigracià ³n, el gobierno de Estados Unidos no proporciona un abogado en ningà ºn caso, incluso cuando hay que presentarse en corte y no se puede pagar a uno porque no se tiene dinero. En estos casos, se comparece sin ayuda legal o se intenta hacer un esfuerzo y buscar a un abogado, incluso a uno que actà ºe pro bono, es decir, sin cobrar en casos concretos. Para el caso de nià ±os detenidos en la frontera, se recomienda informarse sobre quà ©Ã‚  organizaciones que brindan gratuitamente ayuda legal para estos menores. Cundo elegir abogado es muy recomendable Pero habr situaciones en lo que lo ms recomendable es contar con la ayuda de un profesional que le ayude a presentar a tiempo todos los papeles necesarios y a representarlo, si fuera necesario,ante las autoridades migratorias o la corte. Adems, tenga en cuenta que las leyes migratorias cambian con frecuencia, y lo que funcionà ³ para un familiar o conocido hace unos aà ±os puede que ya no sea aplicable a su caso, aunque sean muy parecidos. Y asuntos privados como un divorcio o un casamiento o problemas que parecen poco importantes como una detencià ³n por conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol o drogas (DIU) pueden tener importantes efectos migratorios. Para casos como estos lo mejor es contar con un buen abogado. Y, por supuesto, para:   casos de deportacià ³n, para decidir cà ³mo lucharla o si solicitar una salida voluntaria o un aplazamiento de la deportacià ³n (tambià ©n conocido como suspensià ³n o stay)  presentarse a corte,  cà ³mo cambiar de estado una citacià ³n para presentarse en cortepeticià ³n de perdà ³n y evitar  errores en el waiver por presencia ilegalasilocondena o acusacià ³n de haber cometido una felonà ­aabuso de condiciones de visas de trabajo Hno respeto al salario mà ­nimo, incluidos los trabajadores indocumentadosproteccià ³n por violencia domà ©stica (VAWA)por ser và ­ctima de violencia,trfico humanodivorcio cuando la green card se ha obtenido por matrimonio,etc. Incluso casos que pueden parecer simples como solicitar la residencia permanente por matrimonio o los papeles para hermanos pueden ser -como se puede ver en esos enlaces- procesos largos que precisan de muchos papeles. Adems, recordar que en Estados Unidos sà ³lo abogados con licencia y representantes acreditados pueden brindar asesorà ­a legal. Los notarios no pueden hacerlo.   Sin embargo, la experiencia de miles de inmigrantes muestra que pocas decisiones como contar con un mal abogado pueden causar tantos disgustos, pà ©rdida de dinero, demoras en los trmites e incluso problemas serios con el Servicio de Naturalizacià ³n e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). 8 consejos para contratar a un buen abogado migratorio En primer lugar, pregunte: pida recomendaciones sobre abogados entre sus familiares, amigos y compaà ±eros de trabajo. Todo el mundo que ha utilizado los servicios de un abogado migratorio tiene una opinià ³n buena o mala. Elimine a los que reciben crà ­ticas razonables y haga un listado con los recomendados. Consulte tambià ©n con un par de organizaciones defensoras de los derechos de los inmigrantes ya que pueden ofrecerle tips valiosas. En segundo lugar, exija: es mejor que el abogado que se ocupe de su asunto se dedique a temas migratorios y no sea un especialista en todo. Pero asegà ºrese de que no se trata de un mega especialista en un tema migratorio que nada tiene que ver con su caso. Por ejemplo, poco le podr ayudar si su campo de especializacià ³n es el asilo polà ­tico si lo que usted que necesita es conseguir una green card para un familiar. En tercer lugar, verifique: consulte con la asociacià ³n de abogados de su estado -Bar Association- para asegurarse que el abogado que desea contratar tiene todas las licencias pertinentes y no ha sido sancionado por comportamientos poco profesionales. Puede buscar informacià ³n adicional en asociaciones como la AILA, la asociacià ³n de abogados de inmigracià ³n con ms de 11,000 afiliados. Hay que resaltar que los denominados consultores de inmigracià ³n y notarios no actà ºan legalmente en todos los estados y que el USCIS no los considera personas con capacidad para representarle a usted ante la Administracià ³n o en Corte, ni tampoco para brindar asesorà ­a legal migratoria. Sin embargo sà ­ estn autorizados para llenar formularios, pero nada ms. En cuarto lugar, compare: muchos abogados le ofrecern la oportunidad de tener gratis una primera cita. Aproveche para entrevistarse con unos cuantos. El abogado le debe dar confianza. Usted debe sentirse cà ³modo para explicarle bien su caso y hacerle todas las preguntas que considere necesarias.Debe quedar bien claro cul es su tarifa, cà ³mo trabaja, cul es su experiencia en y cà ³mo y se van a comunicar durante el caso. En quinto lugar, elija al mejor para su caso: no se deje llevar por el impulso de escoger a un abogado de su paà ­s de origen o a uno que hable espaà ±ol por esas razones. Elija simplemente al que usted cree que es el mejor para llevar su caso. Si usted no se siente cà ³modo hablando en inglà ©s y el abogado que le gusta no habla espaà ±ol pida la ayuda de un intà ©rprete. Hoy en dà ­a es muy comà ºn que las oficinas de abogados de inmigracià ³n tengan al menos una persona para comunicarse con efectividad con los hispanohablantes. En sexto lugar, no elija un abogado solamente porque es el que trabaja ms barato. A veces lo barato sale caro, pero tampoco elija al que pide los honorarios ms altos sà ³lo por esa razà ³n. Compare precios y los servicios, experiencia y atencià ³n que se ofrecen a cambio y escoja lo que le parezca ms razonable. Y tenga claro si le va a cobrar una tarifa plana o le va a cobrar por hora y, en este à ºltimo caso, cà ³mo se contabilizan las gestiones. Estas son las  cuotas promedio que pueden cobrar los abogados,  dependiendo del tipo de trmite. En sà ©ptimo lugar, recuerde siempre que usted es el jefe (patrà ³n): una vez que ya tenga abogado, confà ­e en su eleccià ³n. Pero si honestamente cree que se ha equivocado con su eleccià ³n y que no le pone suficiente atencià ³n a su caso o que se olvida de notificaciones importantes o que no responde a las llamadas en un plazo razonable, considere la posibilidad de despedirlo y contratar a otro profesional. En octavo lugar: es su caso, no el de su abogado: usted debe tener un mà ­nimo entendimiento de cà ³mo estn las cosas, de quà © papeles son necesarios, quà © plazos hay que cumplir y cules son las consecuencias si algo se hace mal. Hay que ser especialmente cuidadoso con los plazos, ya que si no se respetan las consecuencias recaern sobre usted. Por ello, es recomendable que lleve al dà ­a un calendario y un pequeà ±o diario sobre el estado de sus diligencias ante las autoridades migratorias. Guarde copia de todas las cartas, gestiones, facturas y rà ©cords de pago. Recuerde que es usted la persona que sufrir o disfrutar las consecuencias de las decisiones del USCIS, no su abogado. Cà ³mo obtener asesorà ­a migratoria sin contratar a un abogado A veces por mucho que se quiera no se tiene el dinero para contratar a un abogado. Pero hay trmites que lo mejor siempre es contar con asesorà ­a legal. Intente encontrar a un abogado pro bono (que no cobra por un caso) para que se haga cargo del suyo. Otra opcià ³n es consultar con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a inmigrantes que puede prestar servicios legales migratorios a bajo costo o pueda referirlo a un abogado de tarifas moderadas y de confianza. Asimismo, los  mexicanos pueden solicitar ayuda para elegir abogado marcando gratuitamente al telà ©fono de la CIAM, donde pueden referir a abogados reputados expertos en el tema que le interesa a cada migrante.   Si usted cree que ha sido và ­ctima de un fraude migratorio, puede reportarlo anà ³nimamente marcando al telà ©fono de ICE  1-866-347-2423.   Finalmente, à ©ste es un listado de telà ©fonos a los que se puede marcar para informarse sobre trmites relacionados con migracià ³n, como arrestos, detenciones, trmites con USCIS, etc. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Understanding German Adverbs

Understanding German Adverbs Similar to English, German adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They are used to indicate a place, time, cause, and manner, and they can be found in various parts of a sentence. Examples Here is where you might find an adverb in a German sentence: Before or after verbs:Ich lese gern. (I like reading.)Das habe ich hierhin gestellt. (I put that here.)Before or after nouns:Der Mann da, der guckt dich immer an. (The man over there is always looking at you.)Ich habe drà ¼ben am Ufer ein Boot. (I have a boat over there by the shore.)Before or after adjectives:Diese Frau ist sehr hà ¼bsch. (This woman is very pretty.)Ich bin in sptestens drei Wochen zurà ¼ck. (Ill be back in three weeks at the latest.) Conjunctions Adverbs can also sometimes function as conjunctions. For example:   Ich habe letzte Nacht à ¼berhaupt nicht geschlafen, deshalb bin ich mà ¼de. (I didn’t sleep at all last night, that’s why I’m so tired.) Modify a Sentence Adverbs can also change a sentence. Specifically, question adverbs (Frageadverbien) can modify a phrase or a sentence. For example:   Worà ¼ber denkst du? (What are you thinking about?) The very best thing about German adverbs is that they are never declined. (Did we just hear a sigh of relief?) Furthermore, adverbs can be created from nouns, prepositions, verbs, and adjectives: Creating Adverbs Here are some ways you can make adverbs in German:   Adverbs plus prepositions:  When combining prepositions with the adverbs wo(r), da(r) or  hier, you get prepositional adverbs, such as worauf  (on where), davor  (before that) and  hierum  (around here).Verbs as adverbs:  Past particles of verbs can stand in as adverbs and without modification. Read more here:  Past Participles as Adverbs.  When an adjective is an adverb: Predicate adjectives will function as adverbs when placed after a conjugated verb and you do not need to make any changes to the predicate adjective. Unlike English, Germans do not make a distinction in form between a predicate adjective and an adverb. See Adverbs of Manner and Degree.   Types Adverbs are divided into four main groups: PlaceTimeManner and DegreeIndicating Cause

Reimagining Detroit by John Gallagher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reimagining Detroit by John Gallagher - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to summarize Gallagher’s arguments about what has gone wrong with Detroit, what made it go wrong, and the corrective actions that need to be taken to rectify the situation. A comparison of Detroit’s situation will be made with Dubai city. An analysis of the solutions given by the author to the problems facing Detroit will be also e evaluated. The solutions will be assessed to see if they are applicable to the current problems facing Dubai. One thing that is wrong with Detroit according to Gallagher is that the city is shrinking and losing its former glory. The city is getting depopulated, thus creating a lot of empty spaces (2). Gallagher notes that, at its peak, Detroit was ranked fourth largest city in the U.S. It had numerous factories which were doing so well and its many streets were lined with people and shopping malls. During this time, Detroit was densely populated, segregated, and enjoyed a lot of prosperity. However, all these disa ppeared as many shops and factories have closed down with many people moving to places with conducive environments for investment and job opportunities. Gallagher attributes this mass migration to many factors such as insecurity, poor governance, and lack of good infrastructural facilities among others. In order to overcome these wrongs and bring back Detroit to its former glory, Gallagher proposes adjusting expectations. In this case, he argues that Detroit residents should stop looking back and accept the situation and work with the city as it is now. To inspire Detroit, Gallagher uses a host of other cities in the U.S. and other countries that have made use of empty space and rebuilt their infrastructures. For instance, he notes that in Seoul, London, and Zurich, streams that were once covered in the sewer system have been harnessed and brought back to the surface, thus improving the environment as well as establishing new parts and developments alongside the water. In San Franci sco and Portland, highways that were not needed were removed from the city center, creating room for the neighborhood to reconnect with the waterfront. He also notes that, in Havana, a good network of urban farms initially developed during extreme food shortages, but is now acting as the food basket for Havana, supplying a variety of vegetables and fruits (Neill 648). Gallagher suggests simple interventions for Detroit at the local level. For instance, he notes that one of the wrongs that have scared people and investors away from the city is the fact that the city is dirty and stinky. This is because the city is full of weeds and has poor sewerage system. Therefore, to beautify the city, Gallagher recommends the removal of the weed-choked vacant lots that make the city untidy (28). He recommends the use of Philadelphia Green model: reseed the lots with ground cover or grass, install picket fences and plant trees. His suggestions also include building a good sewerage system to remov e the wastes as this will help keep the city clean and attractive to both the people and the investors. Gallagher sees a problem with the roads within the city of Detroit. He notes that the roads are dilapidated and pathetic. Some of the roads in good condition no longer carry the traffic that they used to carry due to the mass exodus of people from the town. He cites the eight-to-ten-lane that longer serves the purpose for

Examining a domain of experience, relationship, and application of the Essay

Examining a domain of experience, relationship, and application of the themes in the course in relation to human development and identity - Essay Example This essay will analyze identity formation, ego identity, in relation to Frozen film. Ego identity and identity formation is evident in the Frozen film by Disney. As the norm is, lots of women in the Disney movies have been indicated to rely on a male figure to emancipate them from societal and cultural issues, such as Cinderella and Snow White amongst others. However, the case of Disney’s Frozen film is different. In the film, it is evident that the women have opted to outdo the heterosexual dominance that overpowers them. The film focuses on two sisters, Anna and Elsa that have been confronted with life issues but opt not to use a male hero to fulfil their desires (Buck & Lee, 2013). From this perspective, one would argue that the two sisters developed a feminine identity in the course of her growth that motivated them her to work towards fighting with the constraints that prevent women from succeeding in a man’s world. Even with the societal conceptualizations of female identity, the Frozen sisters had already identified their ego identity and worked towards fulfilling their wishes despite the challenges in question. However, as the story begins, the two sisters lacked differentiation while living in the royal court. Elsa had the ability and powers to control ice and snow. Psychological distinction separates the two sisters when Elsa injures Anna by mistake (Buck & Lee, 2013). Their parents then force Elsa to suppress her powers to command ice and snow, and ensure that Anna does not know of the powers at all costs (Buck & Lee, 2013). This separated the sisters more, with Anna growing in solitude, and Elsa representing her superego. Elsa constantly covers her hands with gloves to conceal her powers. After the death of their parents, Elsa is to rise to the throne. On the other hand, the identity of Anna’s identity is being shaped and she represents id that seeks to fulfil one’s needs and desires (Kroger 206-209). Anna

Whats the meaning of life Meaning of life from religion point of view Essay

Whats the meaning of life Meaning of life from religion point of view - Essay Example We go through all these chores in intervals between the acquainted milestones from birth to death. We get kids, lose parents, we complete studies find a job and start a marital life, set up homes enjoy accomplishments at some points and face failures on the other. Similarly, we make new friends, fight with the old ones, change house, cities, countries, change jobs, get hired and fired from different jobs, face many hardships, fall ill, recover, save a few bucks for our retirement and eventually retires. So, the life runs on its track for me, for you and for everyone and interestingly, these activities set up human’s life. No doubt, keeping life going needs a constant struggle. No one ever wishes to die but, it is a harsh reality. Though, we can cope up with never ending life problems but, we can’t stop the deaths. In the journey of life, if you fail you will suffer and if you get success you will feel a sense of accomplishment, triumph, immense pleasure and of course pe ace of mind. However, these are the interludes of comforts and a happy life because difficulties and hardships never ceases. So, it's very natural to pop up with the question then, why an individual has to continue on the treadmill of life? Why are human beings on earth? What is the basic purpose of their creation and why they are born? What is the meaning of life? Are few arguably the common questions for scholars and children alike. The answer to these questions especially about the exact meaning of life are endless and can be answered from different perspectives and disciplines like psychology, philosophy, science, spirituality and religion etc. Since the beginning of time, man has struggled to find out the reason for his existence. To know why he was born and what purpose he had to serve after coming into this world. This question, though apparently quite broad and vague, is masked by yet another broader question. Many of us have strived day and night, consistently, to enlighten themselves with the meaning of life in general; to know why life on Earth started in general and why oxygen found its way into our atmosphere. This query is basically philosophical in general and has been dealt with at all levels including scientific, mystic and theological. Men have tried very hard to solve this stigma and have yet come up with little success so far.Following are few main standpoints that are used to answer the question â€Å"What's the meaning of life†? 1. Meaning of life from religion point of view: Many of the people in this universe have a strong belief that the basic and the real meaning of life is the devotion and sincerity to their faith or religion. Almost all the religions have supernatural existence. The admirers are supposed to associate with higher powers and have to work better for the creator or deity that benefits the mankind. Atheisms are completely of opposite beliefs and they have the believe that there is no Godexcept heir personal God. T hey are the people who reject the idea of existence of God. They express the true meanings of life without believing in any religion and base all their arguments on their own beliefs. Religions such as Islam, Judaism, Christianity and Buddhism defines he meaning of life as follows. 1.1 . Christianity: The purpose or meaning of life in Christianity is a hunt for the divine salvation with the help of GOD and intervention of Christ. The latest testament is â€Å"God urges to build relationship with his creature both in the present life and the life hereafter, which is only possible if a person’s sins are excused†. 1.2 . Islam: In the religion of Islam the ultimate meaning of life i

Levels in Undergraduate Family Nursing Education Personal Statement

Levels in Undergraduate Family Nursing Education - Personal Statement Example The district nurse, my mentor started talking to them, and what I observed was worth noting. The visible anxiety gradually calmed down. This was an effective communication, and this was essential in this scenario to pacify them. When I went back home that night and when things started settling down, I thought I would go over the whole incident and find out what was special about this incident, and how this incident can help me in any future incident in the professional practice (Ghaye and Lillyman, 2000, 53-87). This was a set of home health care, and from the incident, it was clear that the incident had considerable acuity. I was a student nurse, and therefore, it was a learning experience for me. The major goal of nursing care in this situation, given Mr. Xs advanced cancer, is palliation and restoration of maximum health function. I was entirely inexperienced, so I decided to observe what my mentor did in this situation (Ghaye, 2005, 7-37).  While reflecting, I gradually came to understand, well-developed communication skills are therefore essential tools for nurses. It was a face-to-face situation, and perhaps there is no substitute for it. I witnessed how effective and appropriate communication helped to establish a therapeutic helping relationship and enabled my mentor to determine their care needs and how it promoted trust and confidence and facilitated care appropriate for this situation. They were anxious and angry.  

Should the US build more nuclear power plants for an energy source Essay

Should the US build more nuclear power plants for an energy source - Essay Example Furthermore, safe ways for the disposal of nuclear waste should be devised so that no harm can be brought to people who come into contact with it and to the environment. Since the construction of more nuclear power plants depends on the goodwill of all the political groups involved, then it is advisable for all these parties to come to a consensus on how to best deal with the issue (Sains, 2001). The nuclear plants should be constructed and while this is being done, all the safety concerns of those who are skeptical about it should be addressed to ensure that all the parties are working together to create a safe and efficient source of energy. There are many advantages for the use of nuclear energy in the United States and these may be political, economic, and environmental among others. There are many economic benefits for the construction of nuclear power plants in the United States as a source of energy. One of these benefits is that very small amounts of raw materials are require d for the production of a large amount of nuclear energy (Cavallaro, 2010). Moreover, since these raw materials are required in such small quantities, they can be easily transported from one place to another even globally. The operation of nuclear power stations at their full capacity will ensure that cheap electricity is available in the market and that more people will be able to afford it. Nuclear power is a reliable source of energy because the average lifespan of a nuclear reactor is forty years and this lifespan can be extended by another twenty years (Weeks, 2006). Although the initial cost of constructing a nuclear plant is high, the cost of running it afterwards is relatively low and this makes it a very good investment. Nuclear power is very environmentally friendly because no harmful emissions are released into the environment during the process of producing energy, as compared to other sources of energy such as fossil fuels. Nuclear plants require very little space to co nstruct and because of this it has very little impact on the environment. It can be used to produce large amounts of energy at very little environmental cost compared to other sources of energy because nothing needs to be burned in order to produce energy (Clemmitt, 2010). Throughout the nuclear fuel cycle, all the byproducts produced are accounted for and it is carefully stored to ensure that there are no adverse impacts on the environment. It has been said of nuclear energy that since the beginning of the industrial revolution, it is the only industry which has managed to account for all of its waste that has a potential to harm the environment. The use of nuclear energy may also have a political impact on the United States especially at the international level. In the recent decades, the United States has, on numerous occasions, had to go to war in other countries to secure its energy interests. A very good example of this has been the First and the Second Gulf Wars whose main pu rpose was to secure the supply of oil. The use of nuclear energy would greatly reduce the dependence of the United States on foreign sources of energy because it would have more than enough for its domestic needs and it would even be able to export some of the surplus electricity to neighboring countries. Furthermore,

The financial statements of XYZ Corporation Essay

The financial statements of XYZ Corporation - Essay Example The employer receives a tax deduction equaling his contribution in the employee’s defined contribution plan. The employees benefit from deduction of contribution from pre-tax salary, which enables them to save taxes and fund the retirement plan with the gross amount. The tax continues to be deferred until the plan is distributed and therefore there remain opportunities for fast investment growth. The advantages for defined contribution plan are that this plan allows the employees to save the tax payments until the plan is withdrawn, employees also benefit from employer contribution into the fund, the employees will have the opportunity after the retirement to either receive the entire amount or a series of payment over their entire life etc. The major advantage for employer underlying this plan is that it enables him to evade the risk of investment and also the burden of plan contribution is shared between the employer and the employees. Its major disadvantage is the complexit y and strictness of the rules concerning the plan administration (Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans, 2005). Being the one who establishes the pension plan, an employer is expected to administer it and meet its requirements. The employer will monitor and supervise the investment poured into the plan and review the growth of funds. Moreover, he is also required to provide periodical information to the employees concerning the operation and status of the invested funds (Retirement Plan Basics, n.d. retrieved 08.09.06)

Should the US build more nuclear power plants for an energy source Essay

Should the US build more nuclear power plants for an energy source - Essay Example Furthermore, safe ways for the disposal of nuclear waste should be devised so that no harm can be brought to people who come into contact with it and to the environment. Since the construction of more nuclear power plants depends on the goodwill of all the political groups involved, then it is advisable for all these parties to come to a consensus on how to best deal with the issue (Sains, 2001). The nuclear plants should be constructed and while this is being done, all the safety concerns of those who are skeptical about it should be addressed to ensure that all the parties are working together to create a safe and efficient source of energy. There are many advantages for the use of nuclear energy in the United States and these may be political, economic, and environmental among others. There are many economic benefits for the construction of nuclear power plants in the United States as a source of energy. One of these benefits is that very small amounts of raw materials are require d for the production of a large amount of nuclear energy (Cavallaro, 2010). Moreover, since these raw materials are required in such small quantities, they can be easily transported from one place to another even globally. The operation of nuclear power stations at their full capacity will ensure that cheap electricity is available in the market and that more people will be able to afford it. Nuclear power is a reliable source of energy because the average lifespan of a nuclear reactor is forty years and this lifespan can be extended by another twenty years (Weeks, 2006). Although the initial cost of constructing a nuclear plant is high, the cost of running it afterwards is relatively low and this makes it a very good investment. Nuclear power is very environmentally friendly because no harmful emissions are released into the environment during the process of producing energy, as compared to other sources of energy such as fossil fuels. Nuclear plants require very little space to co nstruct and because of this it has very little impact on the environment. It can be used to produce large amounts of energy at very little environmental cost compared to other sources of energy because nothing needs to be burned in order to produce energy (Clemmitt, 2010). Throughout the nuclear fuel cycle, all the byproducts produced are accounted for and it is carefully stored to ensure that there are no adverse impacts on the environment. It has been said of nuclear energy that since the beginning of the industrial revolution, it is the only industry which has managed to account for all of its waste that has a potential to harm the environment. The use of nuclear energy may also have a political impact on the United States especially at the international level. In the recent decades, the United States has, on numerous occasions, had to go to war in other countries to secure its energy interests. A very good example of this has been the First and the Second Gulf Wars whose main pu rpose was to secure the supply of oil. The use of nuclear energy would greatly reduce the dependence of the United States on foreign sources of energy because it would have more than enough for its domestic needs and it would even be able to export some of the surplus electricity to neighboring countries. Furthermore,

Defense of leisure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Defense of leisure - Essay Example This becomes the only path to reach man’s full potential. The human mind has the capacity to think and reason out, thus, allowing it to reflect on what happened and what is happening in his world, in his life. Leisure’s purpose is to act on directing the human to the path of wholeness. It is not to be just relived from the limited functions that humanity can do or take but it is to â€Å"retain the faculty of grasping the world as a whole and realizing his full potentialities†¦to reach wholeness† (Pieper, 50). Leisure has been described as a ritual for humans to rejuvenate or replenish their strength to move forward and continue the things they do, or the task of their existence (Pieper 17). In comparison with the modern days, as development progress in human along with their cultures, leisure is now commonly known as a way to release stress and fatigue mentally and emotionally. The concept of how leisure eases the mind by contemplating on one’s existence and direction for wholeness has slowly diminished. One of the essentials for survival is performing the limited functions of being human, that is to work and to perform the tasks at hand in order to continue living. As simple minds become more sophisticated, the traditions and one’s outlook on work has changed. This is in relation to utilitarianism, in which, humans focus on the means to live rather than on the purpose of one’s existence. Pieper quoted Weber saying one does not work to live, but rather one lives to work (Pieper p.20). And today that phrase is not very hard to understand, or rather the human race has come to accept it as part of our existence and use leisure to take away every worry that we have and temporarily forget our problems. Leisure, in connection with this, is thought to be something that humans can do after finishing all the limited functions that one has in order to live. One then finishes work to be

Psychology of Human and Criminal Behaviour

Psychology of Human and Criminal Behaviour Sandy Hook Elementary School had 456 children enrolled into Kindergarten through to fourth grade. Newtown is located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, about 60 miles outside New York City. In the town crime was rare with just 28,000 residents. Just one homicide had happened in the town in the ten years prior to the school shootings. 20 year old Adam Lanza was carrying a stash of hundreds of rounds of ammo. When he heard police approaching the classroom where he gunned down helpless children he shot himself in the head. 20 children aged 6 or 7 and 6 adults were shot on the day with a high power rifle. The Gunman, Adam was said to be bright but awkward student with no close friends. In high school he was involved with a technology group, where the club leader said he had some disabilities and seemed not to feel pain like the other members. He required special supervision when using tools for things like soldering and occasionally had episodes in which he seemed to withdraw completely f rom his surroundings. Lanza had never been involved with or had a criminal history before. Psychological Theories focus on how characteristics of the individual lead to criminal behaviour. Sigmund Freud who fathered psychoanalytic theory is discussed in some detailed because many key concepts in this theory are utilized by current sociological and psychological theories of criminal offending. Freud believed that one can understand human behaviour best by examining early childhood experiences. These experiences, traumatic or not can intensely affect behaviour without the individual being consciously aware of their impact. Additionally, all humans have criminal trends. Theses tendencies are restrained, however, through the process of socialisation. A child that is unsuitably socialised could then develop a personality disturbance that causes him or her to direct antisocial desires either inwards or outward. Those who direct them inward become neurotic while those that direct them outwards become criminal. An application could be where is a mother is forced to work during her childs younger years the emotional bond could be broken, leading to stunted social development, which could then lead to crime. It is the psychoanalytic belief that we are all narcissists at an early stage of our lives. As infants and toddlers we all feel that we are the centre of the universe, the most important, omnipotent and wise beings. At that phase of our development, our parents are perceived by us to be mythical figures, immortal and awesomely powerful, there solely to cater to our needs, to protect and nourish us. A second major theory of criminal behaviour is Social Learning Theory is based on the principles of which hypothesizes that a persons behaviour is learned and maintained by its concerns or rewards. Individuals then learn deviant and criminal behaviour but observing other people and witnessing the rewards or consequences that their behaviour receives. According to this theory, if this is how different behaviour is established, then taking away the reward value of the behaviour can eliminate deviant behaviour. Social learning theory stemmed out of work by N.E. Miller and J. Dollard in 1941. Their plan suggests that if humans were inspired to study a particular behaviour that particular behaviour would be learned through clear observations. By copying these observed actions the individual observer would set that learned action and would be rewarded with positive reinforcement. The plan of social learning was expanded upon and theorized by Albert Bandura from 1962 to the present. The adv antages of this theory are it deals with the learning of complex forms of behaviour holistically rather than as a process of slow condition and furthermore stresses the processes in the acquisition of behaviour. On the other hand it has a weak ability to explain under circumstances criminal behaviour will or will not be learnt mean that it has limited explanatory power. For example, an individual who observes a friend shoplifting an item and not getting caught sees that the friend is not being punished for their actions and they are rewarded by getting to keep the item he or she stole. That individual might be more likely to shoplift, then, if they believe he or she will be rewarded with the same outcome. Although it may be suggested by some within the social order that social learning theory can be used as a tool to blame television, movies or video games on the violent acts that are committed by youth, those applying the theory fail to see the complete cycle of events that lead to school shootings. Furthermore, it must be understood that this cycle of events that are discussed in social learning theory occur over an extended period of time, building to the moment of action. Therefore, social learning theory has the ability of not only identifying children that have been negatively impacted by their environment, but also using the information known regarding what affects children negatively to change their lives before violence occurs. Some say a casual aspect of crime could be Genes, and genetic factor that can influence people to commit crime. In the case of murder if the existence of a violent gene can be proved, and there are members of society who if provoked will be unable to control their successive actions, even if those actions amount to murder, then genetics absolutely must be considered in the law courts. The existence of such a gene appears to suggest that there exist people who inherently bad. However if we are allow people justifying circumstances due to their genetic makeup, then we are creating yet another excuse. There may be genes that make us more vulnerable to such traits, but we are ultimately responsible for our own actions. Also the association between unemployment and crime is still unsettled combined crime rates and collective unemployment rate seen weakly related. In other words, crime rates sometimes rise during periods of economic wealth and fall during periods of economic decline. Unemp loyment threatens households, and unstable families are the ones most likely to produce children who put a premium on violence and aggression as a means of dealing with limited opportunity. This lack of opportunity perpetuates higher crime rates, especially when large groups or partners of people of the same age compete for relatively limited resources. The shooter Adam even though unemployment didnt have a major influence still had no independent job or schooling. History has shown that there is a link between poverty and crime; however that nature of the relationship can be difficult to define. In addition to higher crime rates, higher unemployment and lower wages, higher poverty neighbourhoods have weaker access to health care and education, increased stress levels and rates of mental illness. Many of these factors also appear to contribute to a higher crime rate. One of the reasons people find themselves in poverty is how little education they have which then leads them to an inability to secure a decent paying job. It has also been said that people with higher incomes are less likely to commit a crime due to the economic cost of going to prison. For example someone earning  £50,000 a year will suffer more loss by going to prison than an individual who has little to no income. The study done on Inequality and Violent Crime published by journal of law and economics in 2002 found a great correlation between inequality and crime. This shows that to be especially strong at times of poor economic growth. If jobs are available and the economic situation of individual is improving, even if they are still poor, there does not appear to be as much crime as there would be in a situation where the economy is in decline, jobs are being lost and the economic situation of the poor worsening. Criminal behaviour in youths is often the result of on-going physical and emotional changes that occur in the course of gaining independence from parents and developing an identity within the peer group. People are just as likely to commit violent behaviour because of verbal coercion from friends as they are due to their own private desire to gain acceptance from within a peer group. In higher crime neighbourhoods the chances of a child escaping the peer pressure that leads to crime and violence is a rarity. The main reason people will commit crime despite knowing that it is wrong is due in part to distortions often overvalue the reward aspec t of peer acceptance. Many people have long debates whether poverty itself is a cause of crime or whether poverty and crime are both caused by other factors such as low education, bad work habits, substance abuse, family breakdowns and fatherlessness and other social pathologies. Even though the struggle to answer why these things happen fairly. Early reports do indicate that Lanzas mental health deteriorated rapidly following the departure of his father which may have then put this mother into a hard position. In conclusion the impact of this crime had a major impact to the victims and to society. The major debate that has been set off because of the Newtown shootings is gun laws in America. The percentage of Americans favouring though gun regulations rose significantly. A poll found that 50% of those surveyed after the shootings agreed that gun ownership should have stronger regulation. The massacre has led to President Barack Obama and come congressional leaders to reconsider what has been a largely hands off approach to gun control in recent years and sometime much change to prevent such tragedies happening again. The victims and their families would want to enforce stricter rules and safety procedure; each classroom teachers should have emergency plans. Appendix On Dec. 14, 2012, a gunman killed 26 people, including 20 children between the ages of 6 and 7, at an elementary school in Newtown, Conn., about 65 miles northeast of New York City. The gunman, Adam Lanza, 20, killed himself inside the Sandy Hook Elementary School. The day after the shootings, officials said that Mr. Lanza forced his way into the school, apparently defeating an intercom system that was meant to keep people out. The killing spree had begun earlier at the house where Mr. Lanza had lived with his mother, Nancy Lanza, who was a gun enthusiast. There, he shot her in the face, making her his first victim. One of her guns was apparently used to take her life, authorities said. Then, leaving her dead after taking three guns that belonged to her, he climbed into her car for the short drive to the school. Two of the guns were semiautomatic pistols; the other was a semiautomatic rifle. Once Mr. Lanza had forced his way in, wearing combat gear, the massacre unfolded with chillin g speed, as he opened fire in one classroom and then another. This Massacre is the second deadliest school shooting in US history and one of the deadliest mass shootings around the world. A gunman a Virginia Tech University killed 33, including himself in 2007. Only Virginia tech and the mass killings of 77 in Norway last year had greater death tolls across the world over the past 20 years.

know what i hate :: essays research papers

You know what I hate happens? ( FUCKING EMBARRISSING MOMENTS ) ( Its like when your waiting for the Phone ) One Day after eating a hefty late lunch you sit around the house waiting for the phone to ring, this girl was supposed to come over to your house later, When out of no where came the impending inexplicable urge to take a big ass shit. Thinking it over you know you cant afford to miss the phone call, but also when you got to take a shit you got to take a shit. So taking a shit it is. Your on the toilet doing your business, you guess your about half way through when the phone begins to ring. Well your working on a big clunker right there and you didn’t have any time to wipe your ass, You run to the phone as quick as you can in the state your in. You finally finish the phone call and you put the phone down, she said she would be here in 5 minutes and Your like Werd, pimping it. Then you turn around and you see a trail of tiny wet spots of brown SHIT everywhere. You only have 5 minutes to clean it up. Trying to wipe it and get it out of the carpet, it spreads. The bell rings and y ou get dressed as soon as you can, your ass still remains un-wiped. She enters the house, she sees the stains on the floor and asks what it is, You say its chocolate ice cream, You try to steer her away but you know you couldn’t show your ass to her incase the shit stain outline appears on your pants, she bends over to smell and examine the stain on the floor.... she smells it, she gets an idea of what it is, and you try to steer her away, she tells you to come look at it closer, by then you have no choice, you bend over, she sees the shit stain outlines on your pants and her idea that those might be shit stains on the ground are confirmed........... The Date Is Over ( Its like Before You go into the hot tub ) Well The other day before hitting the road to a long drive to vacation I decided to leave on a full stomach so I wouldn’t be hungry on the journey there.

Mimicking the Natural Environment Essay -- Agriculture Nature Essays

Mimicking the Natural Environment In Clifford Geertz’s article, Two Types of Ecosystems, he suggests that the uneven distribution of the Indonesian population is in direct correlation with the different methods of agriculture used by those in the densely populated area and those in the less populated area. Geertz explores the distinct characteristics of two methods of cultivation in Indonesia, swidden and sawah agriculture. Swidden agriculture, as described by Geertz, is when the forest is burned and cleared so new crops can be sowed. The nutrients from the burned plants are used as a natural fertilizer to insure growth of its variety of crops. Swidden agriculture works in a cycle, once the nutrients in the soil are depleted, the field is abandoned to the forest, which quickly takes over, and the cultivator begins the process at a new location. Geertz describes sawah agriculture as an irrigated flooded paddy field, such as a wet-rice field. In this field only one crop, rice, is planted, intensive labor is need and the fields are rarely allowed to return to their natural state. Thus, for swidden agriculture more land area is needed than for sawah agriculture. Geertz concludes that this is why sawah agricultural methods are practiced on the densely populated island of Java, and swidden on the less densely populated islands. Although the Indonesians analyzed by Geertz live half way around the world from the Guarani of Paraguay and Brazil, the agricultural ecosystems are relevant. In Richard Reeds ethnography, Forest Dwellers, Forest Protectors, he explores the Guarani people and how they have maintained themselves in their diverse ecosystem for thousands of years. The Guarani people have adapted to life in the dense ... ...ystem are still active members of that ecosystem and can either live with in its means, or exploit it for their own. The Guarani of Paraguay and Brazil, as described by Reed, mimic their surrounding environment, living with in its means and with in its carrying capacity through the practice of agroforestry. Geertz also depicts the outer islanders of Indonesia as living within their means and with in their carrying capacity by the utilization of slash and burn agriculture. Geertz also explains the results of a society that exploits its ecosystem with unnatural land use, such as Java Indonesia which is overpopulated and crowed. In their texts, both Geertz and Reed, show the importance of a society living as close to its natural environment as possible. Works Cited: Clifford Geertz: "Two Types of Ecosystems" Richard Reeds: "Forest Dwellers, Forest Protectors"

Dealing with a Difficult Patient

Regardless of what professional field you are working in these tips could be helpful to you; because any job you get you will always be around other people so you should know how to control a bad situation. The physicians say that 15% of their encounters with patients are rated as difficult. When dealing with a â€Å"difficult† patient you must recognize the signs of anger, know what you should do so the situation doesn’t escalate, and get down to the root of the problem with the patient.The first step in dealing with an angry patient is recognizing the signs of anger, knowing the physical, verbal, and characteristics of a patient who is more likely to have an outburst. Clenching fists, fidgeting, breathing rapidly, tense posture, and tightening of the jaw are some of the easiest physical signs to look for. If you recognize these signs try to get to the root of the problem before things escalate to the verbal clues. Verbal signs may be raising his voice, yelling, saying mean or rude things to you; try to stay calm and not yell back let him vent his anger then try to resolve the situation.Patients that have problems with depression, anxiety, go into defense mode, being resistant with you, or their attitude may change from being happy and talkative to being quiet and short; these are the patients to watch for. Anger problems, stress, or anxiety can cause someone to be edgy when they get bad news or news that they do not agree with. Always remember, â€Å"Some people don’t like not having control over a situation. † (Forest, 2012) When someone is having health problems or they get bad news from the doctor they are more likely to get angry, although you cannot control what happens with your health; you can control how to handle it.There are many things that could cause a patient to get angry such as diagnosis, treatment, or even personal problems in the past or the present. A patient’s diagnosis can cause them to lose control if t hey hear they may lose their mobility, their symptoms have gotten worse, or losing their independence. Nobody wants to hear they are sick or that bad things could happen and when they do hear those things its triggers a negative emotion in them.Issues with their treatments may also be a trigger for anger if their treatment isn’t working how they think it should, the doctor changes their treatment, or they want to start treatment immediately but physically it isn’t possible; patients want things done how they want them and if it’s not done in that way it can erupt into a verbal altercation. Personal issues such as being abused as a child, growing up in a dysfunctional family, or losing someone close to them to an illness can cause people not to trust doctors and nurses.Personality disorders, strong emotions, having extreme behavior, or returning frequently with troubling problems are also signs that they could be a â€Å"difficult† patient. You have to rec ognize the signs of things that could trigger someone to get angry and prepare yourself in case things do get out of hand in those situations. As a professional in the medical field you must learn how to correctly deal with a situation if it gets out of hand, you have to listen, know how to handle your own temper, and learn the correct things to say so you don’t make the situation escalate even further.You have to listen to their words to try to get down to the root of the problem and don’t interrupt or ignore what they are saying. Ask them what they think will help fix the problem. (HPSC, 2012) Asking their solution shows that you care what they are saying so that’s a good way to go about calming them down. To ensure that the encounter isn’t going to escalate never show your angry, keep your hands down at your sides, keep some distance, maintain eye contact, and always be professional; the moment you lose control they will realize it.When you’re t alking to them m ake sure he knows that you understand by saying something like â€Å"I understand you concerns but.. ,† also call him by name it shows respect. Another thing you can do is explain his treatment in detail so you know he understands the problem and maybe that will even give him his solution. You can try to control the outcome of the situation by your actions and words; you just have to learn the correct way of going about it.While working in an office setting you will encounter patients that don’t agree with what you may say or do; but you have to learn how to manage the situation in a professional manner, without letting your anger get involved. You have to be the stronger person and say sir what can I do to make this experience better for you? You have to talk calmly and know the correct words to say to make sure the conflict can be resolved. If you have too many issues you may have to call in someone else to intervene; which in some cases is the smart thing to do.

Causes of Imperialism

Causes of Imperialism In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, imperialism- a force of a greater nation that controls a smaller, weaker nation- began to take over many parts of the world in a frenzy. The more dominant countries at the time, such as the United States and many European countries began extending their influence to areas all over the world, from the Phillipines (which would be 56. 5% controlled) to the Africa (which would be 90. 4% controlled) , because they felt their â€Å"nations' will to power† was the best. Document 3) England began showing signs of wanting to control other nations, because this meant that there would be more trade with other countries. Imperialism meant more trade with other countries, and more trade meant more money. The more money meant that the country had more money to invest in industrialization. Industrialization also meant that buyers and customers had to be found in which to sell their products- another benefit of imperialism. Last ly, raw materials could be obtained cheaply, as could cheap labor.Because the English were ? The machinerization of England's factories did not only change England's economy, it changed the world. They were the first in the entire world to experience things like materlialistic benefits, and social pricetags of industrialization. This had happened for several reasons. England had good transportation, an abundant labor supply, inventions that revolutionized the manufacturing of many products (mostly the textile industry), and a stable government. All of a sudden, factories were making hings so quickly, so efficiently, that more and more materials were needed. Although certain machines and inventions helped, it simply wasn't enough. There was a very big piece of the manufacturing process missing, a piece that would improve England's manufacturing even further. And that was the very concept of unlimited supplies. Supplies come at a very heavy price, so the idea of an unlimited source of supplies was a novel idea. The problem was where to get them from†¦ And imperialism was the answer.The ability to control country naturally weaker yet rich with resources was absolutely perfect, and important for the development of of the country. Africa was the perfect choice to begin with. It was rich in many natural resources such as gold, platinum, diamond, gas, oil, coal, water, and free labor which â€Å"lay ungarnered in Africa because the natives did not know their value. † (Document 1) ? The English also felt a moral obligation to help the natives, whom they saw as cannibals and infidels. The English felt that they were not only â€Å"unfit for elf-government† (Document 7) but also â€Å"degraded, ignorant, and swept by disease. † (Document 4) They would continue to look down on them, mistreat them, and use them as a labor force. They felt that they could not be left by themselves, and had no choice but to be ruled over by a higher force; in this case, the English. This is why the English ultimately ruled over Africa for so long. Overall, the English were the number one force of nationalism. This is due to industrialization and their strong sense of nationalism.

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry Essay

Renewable energy has huge potential to provide solution to increase energy crisis and it is the key factor to the future of energy, food and economic security, said participants at a seminar organized by greentech and Bengal National Chamber of Commerce and Industry. â€Å"We are a growing economy. So our energy requirement is also growing. But we don’t produce enough energy to meet even our current needs. With depleting fossil fuel reserves and concerns about its environmental impact, renewable energy is the only long-term solution,† said Bibek Bandhopadhyay, advisor at the ministry of new and renewable energy. At present, India’s installed power capacity is 2,10,645 MW with renewable energy contributing 26,900 MW or 12.4%. From various energy technologies, a capacity addition of about 30,000 MW has been planned during the 12th Plan period 2012-2017. The focus is now on mainstreaming renewable energy technologies so that it becomes cost-effective. Of this, 69% is generation from wind and 4.5% from solar. Incidentally, India was the first country to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources in the early 1980s. India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electric grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping, to begin replacing India’s 4-5 million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 sq km area of the Thar desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 GW. The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems. Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of south India where there is no grid electricty. Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank. Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq metres with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2020. Development of wind power in India began in the 1990s and has increased in recent years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. As of December 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and West Bengal. Wind power accounts for 6% of India’s total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country’s power. Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste and 38 billion litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.

Inflation and GDP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Inflation and GDP - Essay Example The chart above demonstrates the Phillips curve, if we assume that the economy unemployment level is at point 0 and that the inflation level is at point x then if inflation increases to point A then the level of unemployment will reduce from point 0 to point 1. if inflation is at point x and inflation is reduced to point B then the level of unemployment will increase from point 0 to 2. Therefore the cost of reducing inflation is increased unemployment. Inflation is the persistent rise in price in an economy over a long period of time, there are two forms of inflation which include cost push inflation and demand pull inflation. Demand pull inflation is as a result of increased demand that exceeds the supply level, when demand increases and supply remains constant then price of the good rises and this is what refered to as demand pull inflation. Cost push inflation results from a number of interactions in the economy, this type of inflation is related to wage rates and the increased cost of production which results into an increase in price of goods. In an economy cost push inflation occurs where workers demand for higher wage rates, when wage rates are increased the cost of production increases. When the cost of production increases then the price of goods increase leading to inflation. When the price of goods increase consumers who are the workers experience a reduction in their real income and therefore demand for higher pay and the cycle continues, however there are other factors that may lead to inflation example increased money supply, increased government expenditure and reduced borrowing rates, inflation can therefore be reduced by reducing government expenditure, reducing money supply and increasing borrowing rates or interest rates. Long run and the short run Phillips curve: Due to rational expectations in the economy the short run and long run Phillips curve differ, the long run Phillips curve is drawn as a vertical line, this concept is due to the natural rate of unemployment that prevails in the economy, when individuals in the economy rational expectations that inflation will increase then the inflation level will be higher than the expected inflation level, diagram below shows the long run and the short run Phillips curve. The chart above shows the long run and short run Phillips curves, if the economy starts at short run Phillips curve 1 and individuals in the economy have rational expectations that inflation will rise, then inflation will rise but the rational expectations will increase inflation to higher level at the same unemployment level and this will lead to a shift in the short run Phillips curve to short run Phillips curve 2, the point market b on the above diagram shows the non accelerated rate of unemploym